Isolated tribes, MERS worries, & shrinking ocean habitats

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Latest News and Headlines 4 June 2015

How Europeans brought sickness to the New World

Giant Magellan Telescope gets green light for construction

As world warms, ocean habitats shrink

Communication gaps fuel MERS worries in Korea

Video: A journey to the territory of isolated tribes in the Amazon

New test could reveal every virus thats ever infected you

Protecting isolated tribes

How to court an isolated tribe

A visitor brings doom to an isolated tribe

Will a road through the rainforest bring prosperity or disaster?

Feature: Is Brazil prepared for a decade of contacts with emerging tribes?

Feature: From deep in Peru’s rainforests, isolated people emerge

Hellboy dino was a close relative of Triceratops

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Table of Contents for 05 June 2015; Vol. 348, No. 6239

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Sponsored by Expression Analysis, Inc. Science Table of Contents   06/05/15 Volume 348, Issue 6239 In this week’s issue: Research Summaries This Week in Science Editor summaries of this week’s papers. Editors’ Choice Highlights of the recent literature. Editorial Protecting isolated tribes Robert S. Walker and Kim R. Hill In Brief This week’s section A roundup of weekly science policy and related news. In Depth Climate Science Lost and found: Earth’s missing heat Carolyn Gramling A reanalysis of surface temperatures suggests there never was a global warming hiatus. Science Policy Russian foundation tarred with ‘foreign’ label Vladimir Pokrovsky Founder may pull plug on private research funder. Genetics Did good genes help people outlast brutal Leningrad siege? Yulia Smirnova and Angelina Davydova Study hints at more efficient metabolism in survivors. Astronomy Hawaii’s governor proposes telescope swap Adrian Cho and Ilima Loomis Thirty Meter Telescope can move forward, but existing instruments must be culled. Geophysics Polar scientists to peer beneath largest ice shelf Eric Hand Seafloor map would offer clues to the fate of Antarctica’s Ross Ice Shelf. Feature Making contact Andrew Lawler Some of the last isolated tribes are emerging from Peru’s rainforests. The poisoned necklace Andrew Lawler In the 1950s, a visit by a single outsider sickened a band of tribespeople. Mercy on these people, and give us a road Andrew Lawler Will a road through the rainforest bring prosperity or disaster? In peril Heather Pringle As contacts spike, critics fear that Brazil’s once-vaunted protection of isolated tribes is crumbling. How to court an isolated tribe Heather Pringle “Attractions fronts” lured isolated tribes into contact in the past century, often with disastrous results. Working Life From physics to revolution and back Lui Lam Letters Editor’s note Marcia McNutt Editorial retraction Marcia McNutt Editorial expression of concern Marcia McNutt Antibiotics crisis in China Rongzhang Hao et al. Books et al. Paleoanthropology Understanding our origins Erika Lorraine Milam How a long tradition of exceptionalism distorted our perception of human evolution. Economics Irrational actors Andrew J. Oswald Embracing the mystifying choices that flummox the field of economics Books Received A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 29 May 2015. Policy Forum Atmosphere Challenges of a lowered U.S. ozone standard Owen R. Cooper et al. Source attribution science can help areas of the U.S. west ADVERTISEMENT Perspectives Oceans Invisible barriers to dispersal Joan Kleypas Physiological properties constrain future range expansions of marine organisms [Also see Reports by Deutsch et al. and Muir et al.] Friction Slippery when dry James Hone and Robert W. Carpick Stiff nanodiamond particles encapsulated in graphene can substantially reduce friction for water-free macroscopic surfaces [Also see Report by Berman et al.] Physics Controlling friction atom by atom Ernst Meyer A cold-atom system is used to probe atomic friction on the scale of single atoms [Also see Report by Bylinskii et al.] Social Sciences The rise of the social algorithm David Lazer Does content curation by Facebook introduce ideological bias? [Also see Report by Bakshy et al.] Cell Biology Centrioles, in absentia Tim Stearns What is the link between centrioles and cell proliferation? [Also see Report by Wong et al.] Medicine Progeria accelerates adult stem cell aging Regina Brunauer and Brian K. Kennedy Diseases resembling premature aging model naturally aging mesenchymal stem cells [Also see Report by Zhang et al.] Epigenetics Exceptional epigenetics in the brain Chongyuan Luo and Joseph R. Ecker Non-CG DNA methylation modulates gene expression in the adult brain Research Articles Targeting DnaN for tuberculosis therapy using novel griselimycins Angela Kling et al. A griselimycin-derived drug that blocks the DNA polymerase sliding clamp is a potent anti-tuberculosis lead. Comprehensive serological profiling of human populations using a synthetic human virome George J. Xu et al. A complete history of viral exposure over a lifetime can be deduced from a drop of blood. Reports Magnetoelectric domain control in multiferroic TbMnO3 Masakazu Matsubara et al. Second harmonic generation microscopy visualizes the evolution of ferroelectric domains under an external magnetic field. Tuning friction atom-by-atom in an ion-crystal simulator Alexei Bylinskii et al. An array of 174Yb+ ions moving in the potential of an optical lattice simulates friction. [Also see Perspective by Meyer] Macroscale superlubricity enabled by graphene nanoscroll formation Diana Berman et al. Nanodiamonds wrapped with graphene sheets lead to ultralow friction against a diamondlike carbon surface. [Also see Perspective by Hone and Carpick] Rational synthesis of organic thin films with exceptional long-range structural integrity Noriya Seiki et al. Tripodal triptycene building blocks that fill space form large-area organic thin films free of domain boundaries. Rapid nitrous oxide cycling in the suboxic ocean Andrew R. Babbin et al. Nitrous oxide undergoes rapid biological cycling in the ocean’s oxygen minimum zones. Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook Eytan Bakshy et al. Despite the diversity of information available, people still pay attention to a limited range of opinions. [Also see Perspective by Lazer] Climate change tightens a metabolic constraint on marine habitats Curtis Deutsch et al. Warming waters and reduced O2 will contract fish distributions poleward. [Also see Perspective by Kleypas] Limited scope for latitudinal extension of reef corals Paul R. Muir et al. Solar irradiation during winter constrains how far coral reefs can spread sideways despite ocean warming. [Also see Perspective by Kleypas] Genomic signatures of evolutionary transitions from solitary to group living Karen M. Kapheim et al. Social evolution in bees has followed diverse genomic paths but shares genomic patterns. Error-prone chromosome-mediated spindle assembly favors chromosome segregation defects in human oocytes Zuzana Holubcová et al. Studies using isolated human oocytes reveal details of human meiosis. 2.2 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of β-galactosidase in complex with a cell-permeant inhibitor Alberto Bartesaghi et al. Advances in electron microscopy allow protein structure determination at resolutions useful in drug discovery. C9ORF72 repeat expansions in mice cause TDP-43 pathology, neuronal loss, and behavioral deficits Jeannie Chew et al. A mouse model mimics the pathological and behavioral abnormalities seen in certain amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or frontotemporal dementia patients. Reversible centriole depletion with an inhibitor of Polo-like kinase 4 Yao Liang Wong et al. An “organelle knockout” strategy reveals that cancer cells but not normal cells can divide in the absence of centrosomes. [Also see Perspective by Stearns] A Werner syndrome stem cell model unveils heterochromatin alterations as a driver of human aging Weiqi Zhang et al. Stabilization of heterochromatin by WRN protein safeguards human mesenchymal stem cells from aging. [Also see Perspective by Brunauer and Kennedy] Technical Comments Comment on “Human-like hand use in Australopithecus africanus“ Sergio Almécija et al. Response to Comment on “Human-like hand use in Australopithecus africanus“ Matthew M. Skinner et al. Podcast Science Podcast: 5 June Show On this week’s show: friction at the atomic level, recreating the acoustics of historical spaces, and a roundup of daily news stories. New Products New Products A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. From the AAAS Office of Publishing and Member Services Science Webinar Series Part 3: Targeting Cancer Pathways: Tumor Metabolism and Proliferation M. Celeste Simon and Nissim Hay     About the Cover Also Online: Science Express Daily News Science Careers Science Signaling Science Translational Medicine Recommend to Your Library Podcast Listen now. Latest News Sidebar: Will a road through the rainforest bring prosperity or disaster? Sidebar: A visitor brings doom to an isolated tribe 'Hellboy' dino was a close relative of Triceratops What will the pope’s climate encyclical, expected 18 June, say? U.S. House takes its whacks at planning for 2020 census and at monthly survey ADVERTISEMENT Sponsored by Expression Analysis, Inc.

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Science Express Notification for 05 June 2015

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Sponsored by Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists    Want to be published in Science?    Want to receive US$30,000 for your research?    Now accepting entries    Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists    Deadline: August 1, 2015    Visit www.sciencemag.org/scilifelabprize Science Science Express   06/05/15 Volume 348, Issue 6239 New Science Express articles have been made available: Reports Conformational plasticity of a native retroviral capsid revealed by x-ray crystallography G. Obal et al. CLIMATE CHANGE Possible artifacts of data biases in the recent global surface warming hiatus Thomas R. Karl et al. X-ray crystal structures of native HIV-1 capsid protein reveal conformational variability Anna T. Gres et al. GENE REGULATION Discrete functions of nuclear receptor Rev-erbα couple metabolism to the clock Yuxiang Zhang et al. Sponsored by Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists    Want to be published in Science?    Want to receive US$30,000 for your research?    Now accepting entries    Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists    Deadline: August 1, 2015    Visit www.sciencemag.org/scilifelabprize

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Europe’s fish face extinction due to overfishing, a lifeline for Ukrainian scientists, & more

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Latest News and Headlines 3 June 2015

Overfishing could push European fish species to extinction

U.S. nonprofit hopes to throw lifeline to Ukrainian scientists

Is my cat bitter, or does he just taste that way?

Birds raise false alarm to scare off predators

Report further incriminates social psychologist Jens Förster

Comet impacts may explain mysterious swirls on moon

U.K. researchers propose $15 billion for clean energy

Hawaii’s governor proposes telescope swap

Mystery company blazes a trail in fusion energy

Superspreading event triggers MERS explosion in South Korea

Why humans are the fat primate

Shaw Prizes hail hunt for habitable planets

Great Barrier Reef keeps World Heritage Site status

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Latest from Science News: Pregnant male pipefish not so great at giving embryos oxygen

Latest from Science News 06/04/2015 View in browser Become a Subscribing Member» News Pregnant male pipefish not so great at giving embryos oxygen BY Susan Milius, Jun 03, 2015 06:00 pm During male pregnancy, pipefish embryos can get stunted by low oxygen in dad’s brood pouch. Read More Read More» Wild Things African herbivores share space but not diet BY Sarah Zielinski, Jun 03, 2015 03:00 pm Large herbivorous mammals on the plains of Kenya have distinctive diets, a new study finds. Read More Read More» News Deadly MERS spreads in small cluster in South Korea BY Tina Hesman Saey, Jun 03, 2015 02:31 pm Thirty people have MERS virus in the South Korean outbreak, including China’s first case. Read More Read More» More Headlines from Science News Editor's Note Quantum meets chemistry, opening galaxy of possibility Chemistry’s quantum revolution opens the door for limitless new compounds, and the scientific community scrambles to counteract the spread of a vicious disease. Read More By Eva Emerson, Jun 03, 2015 10:50 am Growth Curve Why breast-feeding really can be easier the second time around The body remembers how to make milk, a mouse study suggests. Something similar may happen in humans. Read More By Laura Sanders, Jun 03, 2015 08:30 am News LHC set to see beyond Higgs Physicists hope a revamped Large Hadron Collider will discover new particles and forces that could help explain dark matter and other mysteries of the universe. Read More By Andrew Grant, Jun 03, 2015 05:06 am Science Ticker Chimps prefer roasted potatoes, hinting at origins of cooking Chimps really dig roasted potatoes, suggesting cooking arose millions of years ago. Read More By Bruce Bower, Jun 02, 2015 07:05 pm Feature Chikungunya is on the move The chikungunya virus, which wreaks havoc on joints, has spread via mosquitoes in tropical regions. Now it has found a way to hijack a second mosquito, posing a threat to people in Europe, North America and China. Read More By Nathan Seppa, Jun 02, 2015 03:49 pm Introducing Eruptions create new islands in the Red Sea Satellite maps reveal the formation of two new volcanic islands in the Red Sea. Read More By Thomas Sumner, Jun 02, 2015 11:58 am Science Visualized Cosmic superlens gives telescopes a boost A map of galaxy cluster Abell 2744 unveils how gravity magnifies and smears images of far more distant galaxies. Read More By Christopher Crockett, Jun 02, 2015 07:00 am Privacy Policy | Update Email Preferences | Unsubscribe from All SSP Newsletters | Contact Us Facebook | Twitter | Vimeo | Google+ Society for Science & the Public • 1719 N Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036 • Copyright © 2015

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Sci Transl Med Table of Contents for 03 June 2015; Vol. 7, No. 290

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Science/AAAS Webinar New technologies for translational research: Applying high-content screening in cancer research and personalized medicine Learn how high content screening and novel computer modeling are being applied to systems biology, translational cancer research, and personalized medicine. Register to view TODAY: webinar.sciencemag.org Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office and sponsored by PerkinElmer. Science Translational Medicine Table of Contents   06/03/15 Volume 7, Issue 290 <!––> Congratulations to Nicholas Navin from MD Anderson Cancer Center on winning the 2015 AAAS Martin and Rose Wachtel Cancer Research Award, and to the runners up, Agnel Sfeir (NYU) and Nitzan Rosenfeld (Cambridge). Did you miss…? Review: Immunotherapy for solid organ and HSC transplantation. <!– Last chance to register for Bridging Biomedical Worlds “From Neural Circuitry to Neurotechnology” in Tokyo. –> <!– Science Translational Medicine welcomes our 2015 Associate Scientific Advisors. –> <!– The focus of this week’s issue is cancer to coincide with the AACR annual meeting –> In this week’s issue: Research Articles RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS Citrullinated peptide dendritic cell immunotherapy in HLA risk genotype–positive rheumatoid arthritis patients Helen Benham et al. Citrullinated peptide-exposed DCs induced immune regulatory effects in HLA risk genotype–positive RA patients. PREECLAMPSIA Regulator of G protein signaling 5 is a determinant of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia Vasyl Holobotovskyy et al. Reduction of vascular RGS5 causes hypertension and preeclampsia, which can be reversed by PPAR agonist treatment in mouse models. EBOLA VIRUS A screen of approved drugs and molecular probes identifies therapeutics with anti–Ebola virus activity Lisa M. Johansen et al. Several FDA-approved drugs, including bepridil and sertraline, may be therapeutics against filovirus infections. LEISHMANIASIS A sand fly salivary protein vaccine shows efficacy against vector-transmitted cutaneous leishmaniasis in nonhuman primates Fabiano Oliveira et al. Immunity to sand fly salivary protein correlates to protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis in rhesus macaques. CANCER α-Enolase–binding peptide enhances drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy against colorectal cancer Chien-Hsun Wu et al. α-Enolase–targeted lipid nanoparticles containing chemotherapeutic drugs are effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer. WOUND HEALING Drug-induced regeneration in adult mice Yong Zhang et al. The capacity for regeneration can be elicited in adult mice by drug-induced stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein. Perspective POLICY Global implementation of genomic medicine: We are not alone Teri A. Manolio et al. Human-genomics programs work together worldwide to speed the translation of genomic medicine to the clinic. DETOXIFICATION Nano-antidotes for drug overdose and poisoning Vincent Forster and Jean-Christophe Leroux Nanotechnologies for detoxification—nano-antidotes—are rising to the challenge of the growing overdose epidemic. Editors’ Choice STEM CELLS Stem cells in gels Kristen Brennand Transplanting stem cells with a hyaluronan and methylcellulose hydrogel improves cell survival and integration in the retina and brain. PRETERM BIRTH Toward personalized medicine for the tiniest patients Thomas Heldt Continuous monitoring of cerebrovascular reactivity may guide hemodynamic management in preterm infants. CANCER TERT, cancer, scissors Grzegorz Nalepa In vivo studies reveal a clinically relevant connection between spliceosome mutations, telomere erosion, and cancer. SKIN PROTECTION Why some fish don’t tan Giovanni Traverso Discovery of a UV-protective biosynthetic pathway in vertebrates might drive development of a small-molecule sunscreen. INFLUENZA Original antigenic sin strikes again? Taia Wang Early exposure to an H1 subtype influenza virus may decrease immunity against current H1 viruses in middle-aged adults.     About the cover Also Online: Current Issue Information for Authors My Science Translational Medicine Recommend to Your Library Science/AAAS Webinar New technologies for translational research: Applying high-content screening in cancer research and personalized medicine Learn how high content screening and novel computer modeling are being applied to systems biology, translational cancer research, and personalized medicine. Register to view TODAY: webinar.sciencemag.org Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office and sponsored by PerkinElmer.

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A breakout in fusion energy, MERS explosion in South Korea, and more…

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Latest News and Headlines 2 June 2015

Comet impacts may explain mysterious swirls on moon

U.K. researchers propose $15 billion for clean energy

Hawaii’s governor proposes telescope swap

Mystery company blazes a trail in fusion energy

Superspreading event triggers MERS explosion in South Korea

Why humans are the fat primate

Shaw Prizes hail hunt for habitable planets

Great Barrier Reef keeps World Heritage Site status

Gay marriage study author LaCour issues defense, but critics arent budging

Podcast: Yeast with human genes, gender bias in science, and the impact of climate change on tea

Cancer immunotherapy takes aim at mutation-riddled tumors

Top stories: Supersized fruit, a new human ancestor, and cancer-sniffing bacteria

E.U. trims Horizon 2020 but spares European Research Council

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REMINDER: “Part 3: Targeting Cancer Pathways” – SIGN UP NOW for our newest Science Webinar!

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New complimentary webinar from Science: Part 3: Targeting Cancer Pathways: Tumor Metabolism and Proliferation You are invited to hear our panel of experts on June 11, 2015, in this live, online educational seminar. For more information and complimentary registration visit: webinar.sciencemag.org Date: Thursday, June 11, 2015 Time: 12 noon Eastern, 9 a.m. Pacific, 5 p.m. UK, 6 p.m. Central Europe Duration: 1 hour About This Webinar This webinar is the third in a series focusing on the cancer pathways that support tumor development, the emerging research in identifying and targeting these pathways, and innovations in the development of increasingly effective cancer therapy options. Recent advances in our understanding of cancer have revealed that the disease cannot be understood through simple analysis of genetic mutations within the cancerous cells. Instead, tumors should be considered as complex tissues in which the cancer cells communicate directly and indirectly with the surrounding cellular microenvironment and evolve traits that promote their own survival. In this webinar we will explore how cancer cells are able to reprogram their metabolic pathways to enable energy production under conditions that are disabling to most normal cells. Of particular interest are how tumor-specific metabolic changes promote oncogenic progression and how these changes can be exploited to develop more effective treatment options. During the webinar, the speakers will: • Outline the major metabolic changes seen in tumor tissue • Explain how specific metabolic pathways can be targeted during therapeutic interventions • Introduce the role of autophagy and cell death in tumor survival and progression • Answer your questions live during the broadcast! <!– • Have their questions answered live by the panelists! –> Participants: M. Celeste Simon, Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA Nissim Hay, Ph.D. University of Illinois Chicago, IL <!– Giridharan Periyasamy, Ph.D. Genome Institute of Singapore Singapore, Malaysia –> Register at: webinar.sciencemag.org Questions? E-mail: webinar@aaas.org. Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office and sponsored by Cell Signaling Technology.

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Science Signaling Table of Contents for 02 June 2015; Volume 8, Issue 379

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New Science/AAAS and Science Signaling Webinar Part 3: Targeting Cancer Pathways: Tumor Metabolism and Proliferation Thursday, June 11, 2015, at 9 a.m. Pacific, 12 noon Eastern, 5 p.m. UK, 6 p.m. Central Europe Learn how tumor-specific metabolic changes promote oncogenic progression and how these changes can be exploited to develop more effective treatment options. Register TODAY: webinar.sciencemag.org Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office and sponsored by Cell Signaling Technology. Science Signaling Table of Contents   06/02/15 Volume 8, Issue 379 <!––> Special edition ebooks from Science Signaling on the topics of Cancer, Physiology, and Neuroscience: Download your copy! <!– –> In this week’s issue: Research Articles Cancer Combining three antibodies nullifies feedback-mediated resistance to erlotinib in lung cancer Maicol Mancini et al. Triple antibody targeting of multiple receptors subverts the resistance induced by single-agent therapies in lung cancer. Bone Biology The scaffold protein RACK1 mediates the RANKL-dependent activation of p38 MAPK in osteoclast precursors Jingjing Lin et al. Formation of bone-degrading osteoclasts depends on the scaffold protein RACK1, providing a target for osteoporosis therapy. Cell Biology The role of ciliary trafficking in Hedgehog receptor signaling Jynho Kim et al. Pathway activation by Hedgehog can occur without ciliary exit of the receptor Patched. Editors’ Choice Circadian Rhythms Giving translation rhythm Nancy R. Gough Circadian changes in phosphorylation drive rhythmic translation of clock-regulating proteins. Physiology Compensating for the heat Annalisa M. VanHook A lipid hydrogenase sequesters fatty acids to allow nematodes to maintain normal membrane fluidity under high temperatures. Marine Microbiology Marine plankton communicate with lipids Sudhakaran Prabakaran In marine ecosystems, phytoplankton produce neurotoxic alkaloids in response to lipids secreted by predatory zooplankton. Developmental Neuroscience Innervation under microRNA control Leslie K. Ferrarelli A microRNA cluster directly and indirectly affects the function of PTEN to promote the survival of developing motor neurons. Developmental Biology Taking Shh signaling up a Notch Annalisa M. VanHook Notch signaling promotes accumulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling components in the primary cilium to specify ventral neural cell fates. Immunology LEM gets T cells the energy they need Kristen L. Mueller Forward genetics identifies a protein that promotes T cell immunity by affecting metabolism. Immunology Innate lymphoid cells keep gut T cells in check Kristen L. Mueller Innate lymphoid cells delete commensal bacteria–specific CD4+ T cells from the intestine in mice. Pharmacology Identification of a memory drug target Stella M. Hurtley Mutations in a translation initiation factor reveal the target of a memory-enhancing drug. Mechanotransduction Stretching cell sheets promotes proliferation Stella M. Hurtley Pulling on cell sheets encourages the cells to reenter the cell cycle. Developmental Biology How to generate head-to-tail polarity in a midge Beverly A. Purnell Structurally unrelated genes in Drosophila and a mosquito-related midge serve the same function by different mechanisms. About the cover Also Online: Current Issue Table of Contents Science Signaling Homepage My Science Signaling Information for Authors Recommend to Your Library New Science/AAAS and Science Signaling Webinar Part 3: Targeting Cancer Pathways: Tumor Metabolism and Proliferation Thursday, June 11, 2015, at 9 a.m. Pacific, 12 noon Eastern, 5 p.m. UK, 6 p.m. Central Europe Learn how tumor-specific metabolic changes promote oncogenic progression and how these changes can be exploited to develop more effective treatment options. Register TODAY: webinar.sciencemag.org Produced by the Science/AAAS Custom Publishing Office and sponsored by Cell Signaling Technology.

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Why humans are the fat primate, Shaw prizes, & more

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Latest News and Headlines 1 June 2015

Why humans are the fat primate

Shaw Prizes hail hunt for habitable planets

Great Barrier Reef keeps World Heritage Site status

Gay marriage study author LaCour issues defense, but critics arent budging

Podcast: Yeast with human genes, gender bias in science, and the impact of climate change on tea

Cancer immunotherapy takes aim at mutation-riddled tumors

Top stories: Supersized fruit, a new human ancestor, and cancer-sniffing bacteria

E.U. trims Horizon 2020 but spares European Research Council

Rock-paper-scissors may explain evolutionary games in nature

John Nash’s memorable final appearances

Some chimpanzees infected with AIDS virus may harbor protective, humanlike gene

Engineered bacteria detect cancer and diabetes in urine

Science retracts gay marriage paper without agreement of lead author LaCour

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