Editor’s picks: Countdown to Pluto, time’s arrow, aging is relative, couch potato pandas, 10 ways to save science from its statistical flaws, and more

Science News Editor’s Picks 07/12/15 View in browser Help us make teacher guides for Science News! » Feature The arrow of time By Andrew Grant Gravity may explain how time always runs forward, even though the laws of physics should permit it to run backward. Read More Read More» Feature Pluto: A timeline of 85 years of discovery By Christopher Crockett Several observations in the last 85 years have given astronomers a little more information about Pluto, and the July 2015 flyby will offer the closest look yet at the solar system’s far-flung satellite. Read More Read More» News Age isn’t just a number By Tina Hesman Saey Getting old happens faster for some, and the reason may be in the blood. Read More Read More» News Ancient comb jellies might have had skeletons By Susan Milius Soft and filmy today, comb jellies might once have had rigid skeletons. Read More Read More» Science Stats Giant pandas live in the slow lane By Meghan Rosen Giant pandas burn far less energy than similarly sized land mammals. Read More Read More» Screentime Get New Horizons’ views of Pluto By Christopher Crockett The “Eyes on Pluto” app lets you ride alongside New Horizons for a simulated preview of the spacecraft’s impending encounter with the dwarf planet. Read More Read More» Sponsor Message More Headlines from Science News Context Top 10 ways to save science from its statistical self Saving science from its statistical flaws will require radical revision in its methods. Read More By Tom Siegfried News in Brief 3-D-printed body helps jumping robot land on its feet To launch itself into the air, a jumping robot relies on a 3-D-printed body made of a gradient of soft and stiff plastics. Read More By Meghan Rosen Mystery Solved Natural concrete keeps lid on Italian volcano Naturally occurring, concretelike rock allows the ground around Italy’s Campi Flegrei caldera to bulge without bursting. Read More By Thomas Sumner Scicurious Women blush when ovulating, and it doesn’t matter a bit Women don’t signal their fertility in obvious ways like nonhuman primates. A new study shows that even skin flushes are too subtle to detect. Read More By Bethany Brookshire Privacy Policy | Update Email Preferences | Unsubscribe from All SSP Newsletters | Contact Us Facebook | Twitter | YouTube | Google+ Society for Science & the Public • 1719 N Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036 • Copyright © 2015

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Science News Weekly Alert

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News from Science Weekly Headlines   10 July 2015 This week’s news from Science and ScienceInsider 10 July 2015 | Did Yosemite’s Half Dome just get a face lift? 10 July 2015 | SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Top stories: Bumblebees in trouble, memory loss, and energy-boosting enzymes A look at some of our favorite articles from the week 10 July 2015 | Watch: Sharks found in underwater volcano 10 July 2015 | BIOLOGY Getting lessons in leadership from hungry fish Golden shiners find the right balance between reaching a goal and motivating followers 10 July 2015 | Gnarly waves spotted in near-Earth space 10 July 2015 | PLANTS ANIMALS Early jellyfish-like creatures sported armor More than a half-billion years ago, some comb jellies had hard body parts 10 July 2015 | PLANTS ANIMALS Use of regulated animals in U.S. biomedical research falls to lowest levels on record Biggest factor is the growing use of mice and rats 10 July 2015 | EARTH Natural rock near Naples, Italy, may have inspired Roman concrete 10 July 2015 | SPACE Pluto is almost here: What we've seen so far, and what's coming next NASA spacecraft finding colorful terrains as 14 July encounter approaches 10 July 2015 | SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY QUIZ: What do you know about Pluto? Test your knowledge of the far-off world NASA is about to visit 10 July 2015 | ENVIRONMENT On New York’s Lake George, researchers fire up a state-of-the-art observatory Hundreds of sensors will monitor lake dynamics 10 July 2015 | SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY Podcast: Mapping a drug war, medications that warp our judgement, and more Listen to a roundup of some of our favorite stories from the week 09 July 2015 | EUROPE Russia's only private science funder closes its doors Dynasty Foundation’s “foreign agent” status put it in peril 09 July 2015 | Scientists create 'brain net' in monkeys and rats 09 July 2015 | IBM's new processors are insanely small 09 July 2015 | BIOLOGY Video: Why are pandas so lazy? Researchers calculate the bears’ daily energy expenditure 09 July 2015 | BIOLOGY Bumblebees being crushed by climate change Vital pollinators are disappearing from some regions 09 July 2015 | TECHNOLOGY Video: A robot that hops like a frog Squishy bot could usher in new era of nature-inspired machines 09 July 2015 | POLICY New agricultural science group hopes to make U.S. funding soar Goal is to double USDA competitive grants to $700 million by 2018 09 July 2015 | Inexpensive cholera vaccine offers encouraging protection

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Latest from Science News for Students: Students sent instrument to Pluto

Latest from Science News For Students 07/11/2015 View in browser Visit Science News for Students» Space Students sent instrument to Pluto By Christopher Crockett, Jul 10, 2015 06:16 am The student-built dust counter on NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft is measuring how much grit and debris orbits out beyond Neptune. Read More Read More» Body & Health, Food & Nutrition, Microbes, Fungi & Algae How this vitamin can foster pimples By Tina Hesman Saey, Jul 09, 2015 07:00 am Oh no! Vitamin B12 can cause skin bacteria to secrete chemicals that cause zits. Read More Read More» Computers & Electronics, Technology & Engineering Robo-roach squeezes through tight spaces By Meghan Rosen, Jul 07, 2015 07:00 am An arched shell helps a new cockroach-inspired robot move through an obstacle course with relative ease. Read More Read More» Earth, Environment & Pollution, Weather & Climate The heat that keeps on giving By Beth Geiger, Jul 06, 2015 07:00 am Burning fossil fuels generates heat and carbon dioxide. That pulse of heat is quickly exceeded by the warmth that carbon dioxide traps in Earth’s atmosphere. Read More Read More» Inside Student Science Eureka! Lab The accidental experiment at your bird feeder » Scientists say: Zoonosis » Taking chicken off the grill and into the lab » Read More » Privacy Policy | Unsubscribe | Contact Us Facebook | Twitter | Vimeo Society for Science & the Public • 1719 N Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036 • Copyright © 2014

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Weekly News

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Sponsored by Immunogenomics 2015 HudsonAlpha Institute presents Immunogenomics 2015! An international conference that brings together leaders and researchers exploring the application of genomics technologies to understand the immune system and development of disease. September 29 – 30, 2015 Huntsville, Alabama, USA http://hudsonalpha.org/immunogenomicsconference/ Science Weekly News   07/10/15 Volume 349, Issue 6244 A roundup of the week’s top stories in Science: In Brief This week’s section In science news around the world, a report criticizes the World Health Organization’s response to the Ebola epidemic, the European Commission appoints three scouts to seek new science advisers, the Oklahoma Supreme Court clears the way for earthquake lawsuits in the state, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Commission considers the fate of the red wolf in the wild, and more. Also, leadership changes are in the works at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado; at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; and at the National Academy of Sciences. And researchers learn why the vivid yellow paint used in masterpieces by Henri Matisse and Vincent van Gogh has faded. In Depth Europe Scientists dread Greek exit from the euro Erik Stokstad Greek scientists are in an even greater state of uncertainty about the future of research in their debt-ridden country. On 5 July, Greek voters rejected the terms of a bailout package proposed by European Union negotiators, but what this decision means for the country’s place in Europe is still unclear. The scientific community fears a Greek departure from Europe’s common currency, the euro, or even the European Union itself. The latter would imperil E.U. funds that Greek science relies on. Early this week, there was still hope for a new deal, and Greece’s vice minister for research and innovation has said that even if Greece leaves the euro, there is no reason to believe that Greece would have to leave the European Union and forgo its research funds. But a return to the drachma would increase the cost of supplies and equipment ordered from abroad and could also worsen the brain drain from Greece. Climate Change Bumblebees aren’t keeping up with a warming planet Cally Carswell As the climate changes, plants and animals are on the move. So far, many are redistributing in a similar pattern: As habitat that was once too cold warms up, species are expanding their ranges toward the poles, while boundaries closer to the equator have remained more static. Bumblebees, however, appear to be a disturbing exception, according to a new study in Science. A comprehensive look at dozens of species, it finds that many North American and European bumblebees are failing to “track” warming by colonizing new habitat north of their historic range. Simultaneously, they are disappearing from the southern portions of their range. “Climate change is crushing (bumblebee) species in a vice,” says ecologist Jeremy Kerr of the University of Ottawa in Canada, the study’s lead author. Where bumblebees vanish, the wild plants and crops they pollinate could also suffer. Women in Science Plan to drop goals for women roils Japanese science Dennis Normile Japan’s female scientists have been making agonizingly slow progress in academia. Only 22.5% of all full-time faculty positions at the nation’s universities were held by women in 2014, a rate far below that in other advanced countries. And the percentage is even lower at Japan’s major research universities. To increase the participation of women in the academic workforce, the government has set numerical targets for recruiting for academic positions in two successive 5-year basic plans for science and technology adopted since 2006. However, targets were dropped from the draft of the next 5-year plan. The omission has sparked a debate over what is holding women back and the most effective way to boost their participation in academia. A number of advocates for women are calling for targets to be included in the final version of the plan, which will be completed by the end of this year and take effect next April. Biomedicine Targeting copper to treat breast cancer Ken Garber A drug, tetrathiomolybdate (TM), which mops up copper in the body and that had already failed in a series of previous cancer clinical trials, is getting a second chance. A phase II trial of the drug in women who had been successfully treated for breast cancer but have a high risk of recurrence suggests that it can prevent the growth of new tumors. Yet the promise of this copper depletion strategy appears tarnished—not by clinical results but by corporate strategy. The oncologist who led the phase II trial now wants to proceed with a larger, phase III trial of TM. But the rights to treating cancer with TM are held by a Swedish biotech company that is developing the drug instead for Wilson disease, a rare inherited disease of copper accumulation. The company, Wilson Therapeutics, has no immediate plans to test TM in cancer patients, its CEO acknowledges, and for now will not sublicense the drug. Cancer’s copper connections Ken Garber Dozens of human enzymes incorporate or utilize copper, taking advantage of the metal’s readiness to donate or accept electrons to catalyze key bio chemical reactions. Tumors, however, may be especially dependent on the metal. Copper, for example, promotes angiogenesis, the growth of blood vessels that can feed an expanding tumor, and depleting it may keep cancer in check. Copper also binds an enzyme that enables tumor cells to metastasize and is required for signaling by the mutant BRAF protein, which drives half of melanomas and many other cancers. “Maybe what we’ll find is that particular cancer types are more susceptible to particular copper-dependent processes,” says pharmacologist Donita Brady of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Planetary Science Pluto caps one man’s odyssey Eric Hand A remarkable half-century of planetary reconnaissance will end on 14 July, when the New Horizons spacecraft swoops past Pluto. The flyby comes 50 years to the day after Mariner 4 flew past Mars and returned the first image from another planet. Stamatios “Tom” Krimigis, the former head of the space department at Johns Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, had a hand in both missions, as well as in visits to all the other worlds in the solar system. An expert in planetary magnetospheres, Krimigis has seen it all. But he is not yet done: His instrument on Voyager 1 is now plumbing interstellar space, and he is planning on being a part of Solar Probe Plus, a spacecraft that will visit the sun’s corona. Science Policy U.S. to review agricultural biotech regulations Kelly Servick The United States is preparing to modernize the rules that govern inventions in agricultural biotechnology, according to a White House memo released last week. The multiyear review process will clarify the roles of the agencies that determine the safety of genetically altered plants and animals: the Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Environmental Protection Agency. The current framework—last updated in 1992—didn’t anticipate precise gene-editing methods, such as CRISPR, which some argue don’t require the same review as traditional genetic engineering. Meanwhile, new techniques for genetic modification have sidestepped the approval process under the current framework, and many hope the White House initiative will clarify exactly what products need regulating. Feature Deep sleep Warren Cornwall Scientists are reviving an old and largely discarded idea for disposing of the United States’ most radioactive nuclear waste: sticking it down holes drilled 5 kilometers into Earth’s crust. The renewed interest in deep boreholes comes as the federal government struggles to find a way to rid itself of more than 83,000 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel and remnants of nuclear weapons production. The Obama administration has abandoned the previous plan to bury it in a mine in Nevada’s Yucca Mountain, amid opposition from Nevada politicians. Now, scientists at Sandia National Laboratories are moving ahead with an $80 million dollar, 5-year test of deep boreholes, to see if they are practical and safe. Some advocates suggest boreholes could be a solution for disposing of most high-level waste. But others warn that the technology is untested, or would only work for a small portion of the waste that’s small enough to easily fit down a borehole. One prime candidate is highly radioactive cesium and strontium now stored in slender steel canisters at an aging building at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site in Washington state. Rolling out a welcome mat for waste Warren Cornwall As the U.S. government struggles to find a place to put the nation’s hottest nuclear waste, one region has emerged as an eager suitor. In the flat, desert country along the border between Texas and New Mexico, two groups are pursuing competing plans to store some of the 70,000 metric tons of spent fuel rods now housed at 75 spots around the country. A third company is prospecting for a potential site in the area as well. The region is increasingly familiar with the business of nuclear material. Already, it hosts the government’s only site opened for buying lower level radioactive waste, a uranium enrichment factory, and the country’s largest private nuclear waste disposal site. The new interest is welcomed by policymakers in the Obama administration. They are trying to set a new course for disposing of the country’s nuclear waste, after abandoning plans to put much of it in Nevada’s Yucca Mountain. The U.S. Energy Department now hopes to find a place to store spent fuel rods for decades. At the same time, it’s preparing to recruit communities willing to host sites for permanently burying either commercial spent fuel or waste left from building nuclear bombs. Sponsored by Immunogenomics 2015 HudsonAlpha Institute presents Immunogenomics 2015! An international conference that brings together leaders and researchers exploring the application of genomics technologies to understand the immune system and development of disease. September 29 – 30, 2015 Huntsville, Alabama, USA http://hudsonalpha.org/immunogenomicsconference/

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This Week In Science

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Sponsored by Immunogenomics 2015 HudsonAlpha Institute presents Immunogenomics 2015! An international conference that brings together leaders and researchers exploring the application of genomics technologies to understand the immune system and development of disease. September 29 – 30, 2015 Huntsville, Alabama, USA http://hudsonalpha.org/immunogenomicsconference/ Science This Week in Science   07/10/15 Volume 349, Issue 6244 Editor summaries of this week’s research papers. This Week in Science Animal Physiology Laid-back bamboo eater Sacha Vignieri Protein Structure Structure of a sterol sensor Valda Vinson Alzheimer’s Disease Protecting neurons from amyloid β Wei Wong Galaxy Evolution Black hole out of kilter with theory Ian S. Osborne Water Resources Continental global water filter Nicholas S. Wigginton Vesicular Transport A coat of many components Stella M. Hurtley Soft Robotics Making jack jump efficiently Marc S. Lavine Plutonium “Missing magnetism” puzzle solved Zakya H. Kafafi Neuronal Modeling A better way to explain neuronal activity Peter Stern Sea-Level Rise Warming climate, melting ice, rising seas H. Jesse Smith HIV-1 Vaccines Steps in the right direction Kristen L. Mueller Immunology Single-cell measurements map immunity Bryan L. Ray Applied Physics Graphene-based biosensors Ian S. Osborne Economics The heroes of the Industrial Revolution Julia Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink Place Cells Memory storage in neural networks Peter Stern Climate Change Bucking the trend Sacha Vignieri Lung Disease Calming the cytokine storm Angela Colmone Sponsored by Immunogenomics 2015 HudsonAlpha Institute presents Immunogenomics 2015! An international conference that brings together leaders and researchers exploring the application of genomics technologies to understand the immune system and development of disease. September 29 – 30, 2015 Huntsville, Alabama, USA http://hudsonalpha.org/immunogenomicsconference/

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Bumblebees being crushed by climate change, lazy pandas, & more

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Latest News and Headlines 9 July 2015

Russias only private science funder closes its doors

Video: A robot that hops like a frog

Video: Why are pandas so lazy?

Bumblebees being crushed by climate change

New agricultural science group hopes to make U.S. funding soar

Carnivorous plants sound echoes draw bats in

Astronomers spot star on the brink of supernova

New U.S. rules on helium sales said to stifle competition

How bears keep their bones strong during hibernation

Early relative of Triceratops unearthed

McNutt nomination for U.S. academy will benefit women, climate debate, researchers say

Pluto caps one scientists 50-year exploration of the solar system

Catastrophic Chinese floods triggered by air pollution

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Table of Contents for 10 July 2015; Vol. 349, No. 6244

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Sponsored by Immunogenomics 2015 HudsonAlpha Institute presents Immunogenomics 2015! An international conference that brings together leaders and researchers exploring the application of genomics technologies to understand the immune system and development of disease. September 29 – 30, 2015 Huntsville, Alabama, USA http://hudsonalpha.org/immunogenomicsconference/ Science Table of Contents   07/10/15 Volume 349, Issue 6244 In this week’s issue: Research Summaries This Week in Science Editor summaries of this week’s papers. Editors’ Choice Highlights of the recent literature. Editorial Engaging new scientific horizons Marcia McNutt and Alan Stern In Brief This week’s section A roundup of weekly science policy and related news. In Depth Europe Scientists dread Greek exit from the euro Erik Stokstad Decisive “no” to bailout could lead to a rupture with Europe and endanger key funding. Climate Change Bumblebees aren’t keeping up with a warming planet Cally Carswell Pollinators retreat from south, but don’t move north. Women in Science Plan to drop goals for women roils Japanese science Dennis Normile Change stirs debate about how to remedy underrepresentation of women. Biomedicine Targeting copper to treat breast cancer Ken Garber Business obstacles threaten to delay the phase III trial of a copper-depleting drug. Cancer’s copper connections Ken Garber Tumors may be especially dependent on the metal copper. Planetary Science Pluto caps one man’s odyssey Eric Hand NASA veteran Tom Krimigis has been on missions to all of the sun’s planets, and beyond. Science Policy U.S. to review agricultural biotech regulations Kelly Servick New gene-editing methods challenge old framework. Feature Deep sleep Warren Cornwall Boreholes drilled into Earth’s crust get a fresh look for nuclear waste disposal. Rolling out a welcome mat for waste Warren Cornwall As feds go looking for somewhere to put nuclear waste, a few willing candidates emerge. Working Life Getting noticed is half the battle Eleftherios P. Diamandis Letters Meeting of the minds: Send your stories James F. Albaugh et al. Online Buzz Recommending women Reviewing Einstein Daniel Kennefick and Martin Blume Books et al. Marine Ecology Beachcomber’s delight Christopher Kemp The hidden mysteries and human history of seashells Research Ethics The safety dance Lainie Friedman Ross A researcher takes aim at the committees charged with protecting human subjects Books Received A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 03 July 2015. Policy Forum Oceans Managing mining of the deep seabed L. M. Wedding et al. Contracts are being granted, but protections are lagging ADVERTISEMENT Perspectives Optics 150 years of Maxwell’s equations Nader Engheta Powerful tools are available for the manipulation of electromagnetic fields Hydrology Water, bound and mobile J. Renée Brooks Isotopic data help to resolve global hydrologic fluxes [Also see Report by Good et al.] HIV The modern era of HIV-1 vaccine development John R. Mascola Current vaccine designs are on the path to eliciting antibodies that neutralize HIV-1 [Also see Research Articles by Sanders et al., Jardine et al., and a Report by Chen et al.] Economics Intellectuals and the rise of the modern economy Joel Mokyr Well-educated elites enabled scientific and technological creativity during the Industrial Revolution Structural Biology COPI gets a fancy new coat Alex J. Noble and Scott M. Stagg An interconnected scaffolding of proteins bends the membrane to form vesicles [Also see Report by Dodonova et al.] Reviews Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass loss during past warm periods A. Dutton et al. Reconstructing past magnitudes, rates, and sources of sea-level rise can help project what our warmer future may hold. Research Articles An interactive reference framework for modeling a dynamic immune system Matthew H. Spitzer et al. Cytometry meets mass spectrometry to create a functional map of the immune system. Priming a broadly neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1 using a germline-targeting immunogen Joseph G. Jardine et al. A rationally designed HIV-1 envelope protein antigen helps to initiate the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies in mice. [Also see Perspective by Mascola] HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies induced by native-like envelope trimers Rogier W. Sanders et al. Recombinant, native-like, HIV-1 envelope trimers induce neutralizing antibody responses in animal models. [Also see Perspective by Mascola] Reports A 3D-printed, functionally graded soft robot powered by combustion Nicholas W. Bartlett et al. Gradual interfacing of soft and rigid components creates a more robust, untethered, jumping soft robot. Mid-infrared plasmonic biosensing with graphene Daniel Rodrigo et al. Graphene provides a platform for a tunable plasmon-based biosensor. An over-massive black hole in a typical star-forming galaxy, 2 billion years after the Big Bang Benny Trakhtenbrot et al. Observations reveal that the growth of black holes and star formation do not always occur together. Exceptionally low daily energy expenditure in the bamboo-eating giant panda Yonggang Nie et al. Morphological, behavioral, physiological, and genetic adaptations allow pandas to survive on their low-energy bamboo diet. Hydrologic connectivity constrains partitioning of global terrestrial water fluxes Stephen P. Good et al. Most of global continental evaporation occurs from soils, not surface waters. [Also see Perspective by Brooks] Climate change impacts on bumblebees converge across continents Jeremy T. Kerr et al. Cool-adapted bumblebees are failing to shift their ranges in response to climate warming. Autoassociative dynamics in the generation of sequences of hippocampal place cells Brad E. Pfeiffer and David J. Foster Place cell representations of spatial trajectories in awake but immobile animals jump from one location to another. Single-trial spike trains in parietal cortex reveal discrete steps during decision-making Kenneth W. Latimer et al. Macaque cortical neurons exhibit rapid “jumps” in spike rate, reflecting discrete changes in the animal’s decision state. Crystal structure of a mycobacterial Insig homolog provides insight into how these sensors monitor sterol levels Ruobing Ren et al. The structure of a bacterial homolog of insulin-induced trans-membrane sterol receptors elucidates their structure and function. Effect of the cytoplasmic domain on antigenic characteristics of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein Jia Chen et al. The cytoplasmic domain of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein may affect its ability to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies. [Also see Perspective by Mascola] A structure of the COPI coat and the role of coat proteins in membrane vesicle assembly S. O. Dodonova et al. The structure of the assembled COPI intracellular vesicle transport coat differs from clathrin and COPII. [Also see Perspective by Noble and Stagg] Technical Comments Comment on “Asymmetric syntheses of sceptrin and massadine and evidence for biosynthetic enantiodivergence” David H. Sherman et al. Response to Comment on “Asymmetric syntheses of sceptrin and massadine and evidence for biosynthetic enantiodivergence” Zhiqiang Ma et al. Podcast Science Podcast: 10 July Show On this week’s show: Soft exploding robots and a roundup of daily news stories. New Products New Products A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.     About the Cover Also Online: Science Express Daily News Science Careers Science Signaling Science Translational Medicine Recommend to Your Library Podcast Listen now. Latest News New agricultural science group hopes to make U.S. funding soar Carnivorous plant’s sound echoes draw bats in Astronomers spot star on the brink of supernova New U.S. rules on helium sales said to stifle competition How bears keep their bones strong during hibernation ADVERTISEMENT Sponsored by Immunogenomics 2015 HudsonAlpha Institute presents Immunogenomics 2015! An international conference that brings together leaders and researchers exploring the application of genomics technologies to understand the immune system and development of disease. September 29 – 30, 2015 Huntsville, Alabama, USA http://hudsonalpha.org/immunogenomicsconference/

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